The Grande Arche, also known as the Arch of La Défense, is a monumental office building located in the La Défense business district, west of Paris, within the territory of Puteaux. Officially inaugurated in 1989, during the bicentennial celebrations of the French Revolution, the structure was initially named the Grande Arche de la Fraternité, symbolizing universal brotherhood. It stands as a modern reinterpretation of the Arc de Triomphe, aligning with the historical axis that stretches from the Louvre, through the Champs-Élysées, and extends to La Défense. The project was one of the most prominent Grands Projets commissioned by François Mitterrand, who aimed to leave a lasting architectural legacy during his presidency. The design of the Grande Arche was conceived by Danish architect Johan Otto von Spreckelsen, who envisioned a structure that would represent openness and humanity, differing from traditional triumphal arches that often celebrated military victories. Spreckelsen’s concept was a pure geometric cube, measuring 110 meters in height, width, and depth, with a hollow center forming an open-air "window" to the sky. The building is primarily made of concrete covered with glass and Carrara marble, giving it a sleek, modern appearance. Its innovative design integrates both office spaces and public areas, including a rooftop terrace that offers panoramic views of Paris. The Grande Arche is also home to various institutions, including the French Ministry of Ecological Transition. Notably, the Grande Arche is aligned with other significant landmarks along the historical axis of Paris, such as the Arc de Triomphe and the Place de la Concorde, forming a symbolic and visual connection between past and present. The building's construction, however, was not without challenges. Johan Otto von Spreckelsen resigned from the project before its completion, and French architect Paul Andreu oversaw its final stages. Today, the Grande Arche is considered an architectural icon of modern Paris and remains a focal point of La Défense, serving as a hub for business, tourism, and cultural activities. In addition to its function as an office building, it hosts exhibitions and events on its rooftop, adding to its significance as both a commercial and cultural landmark.